ICAO/ISO Requirement Alignment
D.1.4.2.4 The facial image shall be clear and in focus, especially in the eye region.
D.1.4.2.4 The image shall be captured in colour and shall accurately reproduce natural skin tones.
D.1.4.2.5 The background shall be plain, smooth, and free from texture.
D.1.4.2.5 The background shall be free from shadows, objects, and complex patterns.
D.1.4.2.5 The background shall ensure a clear and distinguishable subject outline.
D1.4.2.6 Lighting shall be sufficient, even, and symmetrical across the face, without visible directionality.
D1.4.2.7 The portrait shall have appropriate overall brightness and good contrast between the face, hair, and background.
D1.4.3.1 The subject shall look directly at the camera.
D1.4.3.1 The subject shall keep the head upright and the shoulders level.
D1.4.3.1 The pose shall comply with the standard angle requirements: pitch and yaw shall be within ±5°, and roll shall be within ±8° (recommended within ±5°), to obtain an accurate frontal portrait.
D1.4.3.2 The subject’s mouth shall be closed, with no teeth visible.
D1.4.3.3 The subject’s eyes shall be naturally open.
D1.4.3.3 The image shall be free from red-eye effect.
D.1.4.3.4 Where permitted by the issuing authority, the subject may wear fully transparent, colourless everyday glasses. The lenses and frames shall not obscure the eyes or the EVZ, the frame thickness shall comply with the standard, and lighting artefacts on the lenses shall be avoided.
D.1.4.3.5 Head coverings may be permitted for religious or other approved reasons. The covering shall fit closely, be of uniform colour, free from patterns and perforations, and shall ensure full visibility of the face from ear to ear and from hairline to chin, without obstruction, shadow, or distortion.
D.1.4.3.6 Facial adornments shall, in principle, not be present, especially where they obscure the face. The acceptability of permanent facial adornments that do not obscure the face shall be determined by the issuing authority.
D1.4.3.7 Hair shall not cover any part of the EVZ.
D1.4.4 The head shall be centred in the image, and its size and position shall comply with specified geometric proportion requirements.
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